The mitochondrial energy problem, cytochrome oxidase and its regulation; body temperature/pulse-rate cycle disturbance; lipid peroxidation; respiratory defect; altered amino acid uptake; memory impairment; dominance of the excitatory systems vs. the inhibitory adenosine/GABA/progesterone/pregnenolone system are not functional and biochemical observations of Alzheimer's disease
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The electron transfer process of the mitochondria is interrupted by the futile redox cycling catalyzed by estrogens 1 0 2Stress, a "respiratory defect", and free radical damage are common factors in disease and aging 1 0 2Cytochrome oxidase is one of the enzymes damaged by stress and by blue light, and activated or restored by red light, thyroid, and progesterone 1 0 2Increased estrogen, nitric oxide, excitatory amino acids, cortisol, lactate, free unsaturated fatty acids, prolactin, growth hormone, histamine, serotonin, tumor necrosis factor and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and kinins, and a variety of prostaglandins and eicosanoids have been identified as anti-mitochondrial, anti-respiratory agents 1 0 2Alzheimer's disease is analogous to the situation confronted by the developing chicken embryo or the rat or human fetus, when the environment is unable to meet the needs of highly energetic, demanding and sensitive brain cells 1 0 2Exposure to estrogen in middle-age increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in old age 1 0 2Even medical progestogens offer some protection against Alzheimer's disease 1 0 2The increased lipid peroxidation of old age represents a vicious circle, in which the loss of the antioxidants and vitamin A leads to their further destruction 1 0 1The mitochondrial energy problem, cytochrome oxidase and its regulation; body temperature/pulse-rate cycle disturbance; lipid peroxidation; respiratory defect; altered amino acid uptake; memory impairment; dominance of the excitatory systems vs. the inhibitory adenosine/GABA/progesterone/pregnenolone system are functional and biochemical observations of Alzheimer's disease 1 0 1Increased cortisol and DHEA are associated with Alzheimer's disease 1 0 1