The mitochondrial energy problem, cytochrome oxidase and its regulation; body temperature/pulse-rate cycle disturbance; lipid peroxidation; respiratory defect; altered amino acid uptake; memory impairment; dominance of the excitatory systems vs. the inhibitory adenosine/GABA/progesterone/pregnenolone system are functional and biochemical observations of Alzheimer's disease
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Cytochrome oxidase is one of the enzymes damaged by stress and by blue light, and activated or restored by red light, thyroid, and progesterone 1 0 2Increased estrogen, nitric oxide, excitatory amino acids, cortisol, lactate, free unsaturated fatty acids, prolactin, growth hormone, histamine, serotonin, tumor necrosis factor and other pro-inflammatory cytokines and kinins, and a variety of prostaglandins and eicosanoids have been identified as anti-mitochondrial, anti-respiratory agents 1 0 2Control systems are now clear enough to begin reversing degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's dementia, epileptic dementia, arthritis, osteoporosis, depression, hypertension, hardening of the heart and blood vessels, diabetes, some types of tumor, immunodeficiencies, reflex problems, and special atrophic problems 1 0 2Factors known to reduce brain size at birth are also involved in the degenerating brain in old age or Alzheimer's disease 1 0 2Alzheimer's disease is analogous to the situation confronted by the developing chicken embryo or the rat or human fetus, when the environment is unable to meet the needs of highly energetic, demanding and sensitive brain cells 1 0 2Exposure to estrogen in middle-age increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease in old age 1 0 2Even medical progestogens offer some protection against Alzheimer's disease 1 0 2The increased lipid peroxidation of old age represents a vicious circle, in which the loss of the antioxidants and vitamin A leads to their further destruction 1 0 1Increased cortisol and DHEA are associated with Alzheimer's disease 1 0 1The increased rate of metabolism, decreased free radical production, resistance to stress and poisoning by iron, alcohol, endotoxin, alloxan and streptozotocin, etc., improvement of brain structure and function, decreased susceptibility to blood clots, and lack of obesity and age pigment on a diet using coconut oil rather than unsaturated fats indicates that it is very likely acting by reducing the aging process itself at its physiological core 1 0 2