Melatonin's ability to cause vasoconstriction does not mean that stress makes supplemental oxygen more toxic
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Retinal injury is caused by ordinary light when the eyes are sensitized by melatonin, prolactin, and polyunsaturated fats 1 0 2Melatonin and prolactin are induced by stress 1 0 2Darkness is a stress because it impairs mitochondrial energy production 1 0 2Stress, a "respiratory defect", and free radical damage are common factors in disease and aging 1 0 2Melatonin can act as a pro-oxidant at physiologically relevant concentrations 1 0 2Almost any kind of stress increases the formation of melatonin 1 0 2Melatonin lowers body temperature, causes vasoconstriction in the brain, heart, and other organs, and slows reactions 1 0 2Melatonin reduces behavioral sensitivity but increases the eyes' sensitivity to light, causing them to be injured by light that would otherwise be harmless 1 0 2Melatonin's ability to cause vasoconstriction means that stress makes supplemental oxygen more toxic 1 0 1Supplemental oxygen without carbon dioxide causes vasoconstriction, reducing the tissues' supply of glucose as well as oxygen and damages the retina when combined with too much light 1 0 2