All debts contracted and engagements entered into before the adoption of this Constitution are as valid against the United States under this Constitution as under the Confederation
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Founding Fathers/U.S. Constitution
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A more perfect union is formed to establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for common defense, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty 1 0 2Congress has power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises to pay debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States 1 0 2Congress has power to borrow money on the credit of the United States 1 0 2No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing contracts; or grant any title of nobility 1 0 2The judicial power extends to all cases arising under the constitution, laws of the United States, and treaties made under their authority 1 0 2New states may be admitted by Congress into this union 1 0 2The united states guarantees to every state in this union a republican form of government and protects them against invasion and domestic violence 1 0 2The constitution, laws of the United States, and treaties made under their authority are the supreme law of the land 1 0 2Senators, representatives, and all executive and judicial officers are bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution 1 0 2The ratification of the conventions of nine states is sufficient for the establishment of this Constitution between the states so ratifying 1 0 2